Olusegun Obasanjo Biography, Early Life, Successful Military Career, Legacy, and 20 FAQs

Introduction:

Olusegun Obasanjo is a name synonymous with leadership, vision, and dedication to Nigeria’s growth and development.

Born on March 5, 1937, in Ibogun-Olaogun, Nigeria, Obasanjo rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most influential figures in Nigeria’s history.

As a military leader, Obasanjo played a pivotal role in Nigeria’s civil war, serving as the commander of the 3rd Marine Commando Division and accepting the surrender of Biafran forces in 1970.

His military career was marked by distinction, and he was appointed Federal Commissioner for Works and Housing in 1975.

Following the assassination of General Murtala Muhammed, Obasanjo became the Head of State and successfully oversaw the transition to civilian rule in 1979.

Obasanjo’s presidency, spanning from 1999 to 2007, was marked by significant achievements, including the introduction of the National Pledge, the establishment of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), and the promotion of transparency in the financial sector.

His administration also implemented various projects aimed at improving infrastructure, education, healthcare, and agriculture.

A strong advocate for Pan-Africanism, Obasanjo has been recognized globally for his contributions to peace and development.

He served as the UN Special Envoy to the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Great Lakes Region, brokering peace among conflicting parties.

Throughout his life, Olusegun Obasanjo has demonstrated resilience, determination, and a commitment to public service.

His legacy continues to inspire future generations of leaders, and his impact on Nigeria’s history remains unparalleled.

Bio-Data:

Olusegun Obasanjo Biography:

Olusegun Obasanjo is a renowned Nigerian statesman and general who has left an indelible mark on the country’s history.

Born on March 5, 1937, in Ibogun-Olaogun, Nigeria, Obasanjo’s early life was shaped by his family’s farming background and his own determination to succeed.

Obasanjo’s educational journey began at Baptist Boy’s High School in Abeokuta, where he excelled academically.

However, due to financial constraints, he couldn’t attend university. Instead, he enlisted in the Nigerian Army in 1958, which became a turning point in his life.

He underwent training at various military institutions, including the Royal College of Military Engineering in England and the Indian Defence College.

Obasanjo’s military career was marked by distinction, and he rose through the ranks, becoming a major in 1965.

He played a crucial role in the Nigerian Civil War, serving as the commander of the 3rd Marine Commando Division and accepting the surrender of Biafran forces in 1970.

His leadership skills and strategic thinking earned him recognition, and he was appointed Federal Commissioner for Works and Housing in 1975.

In 1976, Obasanjo became the Head of State after the assassination of General Murtala Muhammed.

He continued Murtala’s policies, implementing budgetary cutbacks and expanding access to free education.

Obasanjo also aligned Nigeria with the United States and supported groups opposing white minority rule in southern Africa.

He oversaw the 1979 election and transferred power to the newly elected civilian president, Shehu Shagari, becoming the first African military ruler to voluntarily relinquish power.

After retiring from politics, Obasanjo became a farmer and published several books.

However, he was arrested and convicted of being part of a planned coup in 1995 during Sani Abacha’s military rule.

While imprisoned, Obasanjo became a born-again Christian, and his worldview was influenced by providentialism.

He was released in 1998 and entered electoral politics, becoming the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) candidate for the 1999 presidential election, which he won.

As president, Obasanjo de-politicized the military, expanded the police, and mobilized the army to combat ethnic, religious, and secessionist violence.

He withdrew Nigeria’s military from Sierra Leone and privatized public enterprises to limit the country’s debt.

Obasanjo was re-elected in 2003 and continued to promote Nigeria’s growth and development.

Throughout his life, Obasanjo has received numerous awards and honors, including the Grand Commander of the Federal Republic (GCFR) and honorary doctorate degrees from several universities.

He has also published several books, including “My Command” and “Africa Embattled“.

Today, Obasanjo remains a respected statesman and leader, committed to promoting peace, democracy, and development in Nigeria and beyond.

Olusegun Obasanjo’s Early Life and Education:

Olusegun Obasanjo was born on March 5, 1937, in Ibogun-Olaogun, a village in southwest Nigeria, to a farming family of the Owu branch of the Yoruba people.

His early life was marked by hardship, with his father abandoning the family when Obasanjo was just 11 years old.

This forced his mother to engage in trading to survive, while Obasanjo himself worked on cocoa and kola farms, fished, collected firewood, and sold sand to builders to support his family.

Obasanjo’s education began at the village primary school, where he showed great promise.

He later attended the Baptist Day School in Abeokuta’s Owu quarter and then transferred to the Baptist Boys’ High School, also in Abeokuta.

During his time at secondary school, Obasanjo became a keen Boy Scout and began to develop his leadership skills.

He also rejected his forename, “Matthew,” as an anti-colonial act, demonstrating his growing awareness of Nigeria’s struggle for independence.

After completing his secondary education, Obasanjo sat for the entrance exam for University College Ibadan but was unable to afford the tuition fees.

Instead, he took a teaching job in Ibadan and later decided to pursue a career as a civil engineer.

This led him to enlist in the Nigerian Army in 1958, where he could continue his education while earning a salary. Obasanjo’s military training took him to Ghana and England, where he received a commission and a certificate in engineering.

Throughout his early life and education, Obasanjo demonstrated resilience, determination, and a strong sense of national pride.

These qualities would serve him well as he went on to become one of Nigeria’s most influential leaders.

Obasanjo’s Military Career:

Olusegun Obasanjo’s military career was marked by distinction and leadership.

Born on March 5, 1937, in Ibogun-Olaogun, Nigeria, Obasanjo joined the Nigerian Army in 1958, after working briefly as a teacher following the end of his schooling at Baptist Boys’ High School (BBHS) in Abeokuta.

He began his military training at the Regular Officers’ Special Training School in Teshi, Ghana, and later at Mons Officers’ Cadet School in Aldershot, England, from 1958 to 1959.

Obasanjo furthered his training at the Royal College of Military Engineering in Chatham, England, and the School of Survey in Newbury, England.

Commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1959, Obasanjo was attached to British Battalions in England and Germany.

He quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a Lieutenant in 1960, Captain in 1963, and Major in 1965.

During the Biafra conflict, Obasanjo served as Commander of the 3rd Marine Commando Division and accepted the surrender of Biafran forces in January 1970.

Obasanjo’s leadership skills and strategic thinking earned him recognition, and he was appointed Federal Commissioner for Works and Housing in 1975.

After the assassination of General Murtala Muhammed in 1976, Obasanjo became the Head of State and successfully oversaw the transition to civilian rule in 1979.

Some notable highlights of Obasanjo’s military career include:

– Key Positions: Commander of the Engineering Corps, Commander Second Area Command, and General Officer Commanding (GOC) Third Infantry Division

– International Service: Served with the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in the Congo

– Awards and Recognition: First African military ruler to voluntarily relinquish power to a civilian government

Obasanjo’s military career laid the foundation for his future leadership roles, including his presidency from 1999 to 2007.

Civil War and National Prominence:

Olusegun Obasanjo’s rise to national prominence began during the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, which lasted from 1967 to 1970.

As a skilled military strategist, Obasanjo played a crucial role in the conflict, commanding the 3rd Marine Commando Division and ultimately accepting the surrender of Biafran forces in January 1970.

Before the war, Obasanjo had already made a name for himself in the military, serving in the Congo Crisis and rising through the ranks.

However, it was his leadership during the civil war that brought him national recognition and paved the way for his future political career.

Key Roles and Achievements:

– Commander of the 3rd Marine Commando Division: Obasanjo’s military expertise and strategic thinking were instrumental in the division’s success during the civil war.

– Acceptance of Biafran Surrender: Obasanjo’s acceptance of the Biafran surrender marked the end of the civil war and cemented his reputation as a skilled military leader.

– Federal Commissioner for Works and Housing: After the war, Obasanjo was appointed to this position, showcasing his ability to transition from military to civilian leadership.

Obasanjo’s national prominence continued to grow as he became the Head of State in 1976, following the assassination of General Murtala Muhammed.

He would go on to serve as President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007, leaving a lasting legacy in Nigerian politics.

Head of State and President:

Olusegun Obasanjo’s tenure as Head of State and President of Nigeria was a pivotal period in the country’s history.

He first served as Head of State from 1976 to 1979, after General Murtala Muhammed was assassinated.

During this time, Obasanjo continued Muhammed’s policies, implementing budgetary cutbacks and expanding access to free education.

He also aligned Nigeria with the United States and supported groups opposing white minority rule in southern Africa.

Notably, Obasanjo oversaw the 1979 election and transferred power to the newly elected civilian president, Shehu Shagari, becoming the first African military ruler to voluntarily relinquish power.

Years later, Obasanjo returned to politics and was elected President of Nigeria in 1999, serving two terms until 2007.

As president, he de-politicized the military, expanded the police, and mobilized the army to combat ethnic, religious, and secessionist violence.

Obasanjo also withdrew Nigeria’s military from Sierra Leone and privatized public enterprises to limit the country’s debt.

His presidency was marked by efforts to promote Pan-Africanism, and he served as chair of the African Union from 2004 to 2006.

Some notable achievements during Obasanjo’s presidency include:

– Economic Reforms: Privatization of public enterprises and reduction of national debt

– Military Reforms: De-politicization of the military and expansion of the police

– Pan-African Leadership: Chair of the African Union and promotion of regional cooperation

– Infrastructure Development: Investment in roads, bridges, and other critical infrastructure

Despite facing criticism for alleged corruption and human rights abuses, Obasanjo’s legacy as a champion of democracy and African unity remains significant.

Olusegun Obasanjo’s Post-Presidency and Legacy:

Olusegun Obasanjo’s post-presidency and legacy are complex and multifaceted.

After leaving office in 2007, Obasanjo continued to play a significant role in Nigerian politics and international affairs.

He was chair of the African Union from 2004 to 2006 and remained a respected voice on African issues.

Key Aspects of Obasanjo’s Legacy:

– Economic Reforms: Obasanjo’s administration implemented economic reforms that led to the cancellation of $18 billion of Nigeria’s foreign debt and a reduction in inflation rate from 17.9% in 2005 to 5.4% in 2007.

– Telecommunications Revolution: The deregulation of the telecommunications sector under Obasanjo’s leadership transformed the industry, increasing telephone lines from 450,000 in 1999 to 38 million by 2007.

– Democratization: Obasanjo’s transition from military rule to civilian presidency in 1999 marked a significant milestone in Nigeria’s democratic journey.

– International Relations: Obasanjo played a crucial role in promoting African solidarity and was a key player in the international community’s efforts to end apartheid in South Africa.

However, Obasanjo’s legacy is also marred by controversies, including his attempt to alter the constitution to seek a third term in office and allegations of using the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) to harass political rivals.

Despite these challenges, Obasanjo remains a significant figure in Nigerian politics and history.

His commitment to democracy, economic development, and international cooperation has left a lasting impact on the country and the continent.

Conclusion:

Olusegun Obasanjo’s remarkable life journey is a testament to his unwavering dedication to Nigeria’s growth and development.

From his humble beginnings to becoming the first military ruler in Africa to hand over power to a civilian government, Obasanjo’s legacy is etched in the annals of Nigerian history.

His presidency, marked by significant achievements, including the introduction of the National Pledge and the establishment of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), showcases his commitment to national development.

Throughout his career, Obasanjo demonstrated exceptional leadership skills, navigating complex political landscapes with ease.

His ability to transition from military to civilian rule, not once but twice, underscores his adaptability and vision for a better Nigeria.

The circumstances surrounding his civilian presidency were contentious, yet he emerged as a unifying force, earning the respect of Nigerians and the international community.

Key Achievements:

– Establishment of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

– Introduction of the National Pledge

– Transition from military to civilian rule

– Promotion of democracy and good governance

Obasanjo’s impact extends beyond Nigeria’s borders.

As a respected statesman and diplomat, he played a crucial role in promoting Pan-Africanism and global cooperation.

His commitment to education and self-improvement is evident in his pursuit of a postgraduate diploma in Christian Theology from the National Open University of Nigeria.

In conclusion, Olusegun Obasanjo’s life serves as a shining example of leadership, perseverance, and dedication to public service.

His enduring legacy continues to inspire future generations of leaders, cementing his place as one of Nigeria’s most influential figures.

Frequently Asked Questions:

1. Who is Olusegun Obasanjo?

Olusegun Obasanjo is a Nigerian general and statesman who served as Nigeria’s head of state from 1976 to 1979 and later as its president from 1999 to 2007.

2. When was Olusegun Obasanjo born?

He was born on March 5, 1937, in Ibogun-Olaogun, a village in southwest Nigeria.

3. What was Obasanjo’s early life like?

Obasanjo was born into a farming family and was raised Baptist. His father abandoned his family when Obasanjo was 11 years old, and his mother had to engage in trading to survive.

4. What education did Obasanjo receive?

Obasanjo attended Baptist Boys’ High School in Abeokuta and later worked as a teacher. He couldn’t afford college, so he joined the army in 1958 and received officer training in England.

5. What was Obasanjo’s military career like?

Obasanjo rose quickly through the army ranks and played a senior role in combating Biafran separatists during the Nigerian Civil War.

6. When did Obasanjo become Head of State?

Obasanjo became Head of State in 1976 after General Murtala Muhammed was assassinated.

7. What were Obasanjo’s accomplishments as Head of State?

Obasanjo oversaw budgetary cutbacks, expanded access to free education, and aligned Nigeria with the United States.

8. When did Obasanjo transfer power to a civilian government?

Obasanjo transferred power to the newly elected civilian president, Shehu Shagari, in 1979.

9. What did Obasanjo do after leaving office in 1979?

Obasanjo retired to Ota, Ogun, where he became a farmer, published four books, and took part in international initiatives to end various African conflicts.

10. Why was Obasanjo imprisoned in 1995?

Obasanjo was arrested and convicted of being part of a planned coup against General Sani Abacha.

11. When was Obasanjo released from prison?

Obasanjo was released from prison in 1998 following Abacha’s death.

12. When did Obasanjo become President of Nigeria again?

Obasanjo was elected President of Nigeria in 1999 and served two terms until 2007.

13. What were Obasanjo’s accomplishments as President?

Obasanjo de-politicized the military, expanded the police, and mobilized the army to combat ethnic, religious, and secessionist violence.

14. What international roles did Obasanjo hold?

Obasanjo served as chair of the African Union from 2004 to 2006 and was a key player in promoting Pan-Africanism.

15. Why did Obasanjo attempt to change the constitution?

Obasanjo attempted to change the constitution to abolish presidential term limits, but was unsuccessful.

16. What has Obasanjo done since leaving office in 2007?

Obasanjo has remained active in politics and has earned a PhD in theology from the National Open University of Nigeria.

17. What is Obasanjo’s legacy?

Obasanjo is considered one of the great figures of the second generation of post-colonial African leaders, praised for overseeing Nigeria’s transition to democracy and promoting Pan-Africanism.

18. What criticisms has Obasanjo faced?

Obasanjo has faced criticism for corruption, human rights abuses, and consolidating personal power.

19. What is Obasanjo’s current status?

Obasanjo is still active in politics and remains a respected voice in Nigerian and African affairs.

20. What awards has Obasanjo received?

Obasanjo has received several awards, including honorary doctorates from various universities.

21. What books has Obasanjo written?

Obasanjo has written several books, including “My Command” and “Africa Embattled”.